tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-25146212899394625602024-03-13T09:06:33.124-07:00ZPU-4Harshahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12735082294166639759noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2514621289939462560.post-80470438731012318582009-04-07T23:06:00.000-07:002009-04-07T23:08:10.620-07:00ZPU-4<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">ZPU-4</h1> <div id="bodyContent"> <h3 id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</h3> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav">Jump to: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZPU-4#column-one">navigation</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZPU-4#searchInput">search</a></div> <!-- start content --> <table class="infobox" style="width: 315px; border-spacing: 2px; text-align: left; font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">ZPU-4 Anti-aircraft Gun</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); text-align: center; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.5em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:14.5_mm.JPG" class="image" title="14.5 mm.JPG"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/66/14.5_mm.JPG/300px-14.5_mm.JPG" width="300" border="0" height="201" /></a><br />Albanian ZPU-4</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th> <td>Anti-aircraft gun</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Place of origin</th> <td><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Flag of the Soviet Union" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" border="0" height="11" /></a></span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Service history</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">In service</th> <td>1937–1959</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Used by</th> <td>See Operators for users</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Wars</th> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_%281982%E2%80%932000%29" title="South Lebanon conflict (1982–2000)">South Lebanon conflict (1982–2000)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;">Production history</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding-right: 1em;">Variants</th> <td>ZU-23-2, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZU-23" title="ZU-23" class="mw-redirect">ZU-23</a> ZPU-1, ZPU-2 API (BS.41), API-T (BZT), I-T (ZP)</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>The <b>ZPU-4</b> is a towed quadruple barreled <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-aircraft_gun" title="Anti-aircraft gun" class="mw-redirect">anti-aircraft gun</a> based on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet" title="Soviet" class="mw-redirect">Soviet</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KPV_heavy_machine_gun" title="KPV heavy machine gun">KPV</a> 14.5 mm <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine gun</a>. It entered service with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in 1949 and is used by over 50 countries worldwide. Double and single barreled version of the weapon exist - called the <b>ZPU-2</b> and <b>ZPU-1</b> respectively.</p> <table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> <span class="toctoggle">[<a href="javascript:toggleToc()" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZPU-4#Description"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Description</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZPU-4#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZPU-4#Ammunition"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Ammunition</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZPU-4#Variants"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Variants</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZPU-4#Specifications"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Specifications</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZPU-4#Operators"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Operators</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZPU-4#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZPU-4#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } //]]> </script> <p><a name="Description" id="Description"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZPU-4&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Description</span></h2> <p>Development of the ZPU-2 and ZPU-4 began in 1945, with development of the ZPU-1 starting in 1947. All three were accepted into service in 1949. Improved optical predicting gunsights were developed for the system in the 1950s.</p> <p>All weapons in the ZPU series have air cooled quick change barrels and can fire a variety of ammunition including API (BS.41), API-T (BZT) and I-T (ZP) projectiles. Each barrel has a maximum rate of fire of around 600 rounds per minute, though this is practically limited to about 150 rounds per minute.</p> <p>The quad-barrel ZPU-4 uses a four-wheel carriage similar to that once used by the obsolete 25 mm automatic anti-aircraft gun <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M1940&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M1940 (page does not exist)">M1940</a>. In firing position the weapon is lowered onto firing jacks. It can be brought in and out of action in about 15 to 20 seconds, and can be fired with the wheels in the travelling position if needed.</p> <p>The double-barrel ZPU-2 was built in two different versions, an early model with large mud guards and two wheels that are removed in the firing position. The late model has wheels that fold and are raised from the ground in the firing position.</p> <p>The single-barrel ZPU-1 is carried on a two wheeled carriage and can be broken down into several 80 kilogram pieces for transport over rough ground.</p> <p>Versions of the weapon are built in both China and North Korea.</p> <p><a name="History" id="History"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZPU-4&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">History</span></h2> <p>The series was used during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korean</a> forces, and was later considered to be the most dangerous opposition to U.S. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopters</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>. It was also used by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraqi</a> forces during <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Desert_Storm" title="Operation Desert Storm" class="mw-redirect">Operation Desert Storm</a>.</p> <p>In the Russian military it was replaced by the newer and more powerful twin 23 mm automatic anti-aircraft gun <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZU-23" title="ZU-23" class="mw-redirect">ZU-23</a>.</p> <p><a name="Ammunition" id="Ammunition"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZPU-4&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ammunition">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Ammunition</span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 202px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zpu-4.jpg" class="image" title="ZPU-4"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Zpu-4.jpg/200px-Zpu-4.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="200" border="0" height="139" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zpu-4.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> ZPU-4</div> </div> </div> <ul> <li>API (BS.41) - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_metal_jacket_bullet" title="Full metal jacket bullet">Full metal jacket bullet</a> round with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten-carbide" title="Tungsten-carbide" class="mw-redirect">tungsten-carbide</a> core. Projectile weight is 64.4 g (2.27 oz) and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzzle_velocity" title="Muzzle velocity">Muzzle velocity</a> is 976 m/s (3,202 ft/s). Armour penetration at 500 m (547 yds) is 32 mm (1.25 in) of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolled_homogeneous_armour" title="Rolled homogeneous armour">RHA</a> at 90 degrees.</li> <li>API-T (BZT) - Full metal jacket round with a steel core. Projectile weight is 59.56 g (2.10 oz) and muzzle velocity is 1,005 m/s (3,297 ft/s). Tracer burns to at least 2,000 m (2,187 yds).</li> <li>I-T (ZP) - Projectile weight is 59.68 g (2.10 oz).</li> </ul> <p>Rounds are also produced by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>.</p> <p><a name="Variants" id="Variants"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZPU-4&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Variants">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Variants</span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 202px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zpu-2.jpg" class="image" title="ZPU-2"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Zpu-2.jpg/200px-Zpu-2.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="200" border="0" height="131" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zpu-2.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> ZPU-2</div> </div> </div> <ul> <li>ZPU-4 <ul> <li>Type 56 - Chinese built version.</li> </ul> </li> <li>ZPU-2 <ul> <li>Type 58 - Chinese built version (<a href="http://www.sinodefence.com/army/crewserved/type58aamg_01.asp" class="external text" title="http://www.sinodefence.com/army/crewserved/type58aamg_01.asp" rel="nofollow">picture</a>).</li> </ul> </li> <li>ZPU-1</li> <li>BTR-40A SPAAG - A <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTR-40" title="BTR-40">BTR-40</a> APC with a ZPU-2 gun mounted in the rear. Entered service in 1950.</li> <li>BTR-152A SPAAG - A <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTR-152" title="BTR-152">BTR-152</a> with a ZPU-2 mounted in the rear. Entered service in 1952.</li> </ul> <p><a name="Specifications" id="Specifications"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZPU-4&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Specifications">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Specifications</span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 202px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ZPU-1-batey-haosef-1.jpg" class="image" title="ZPU-1"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/ZPU-1-batey-haosef-1.jpg/200px-ZPU-1-batey-haosef-1.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="200" border="0" height="191" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ZPU-1-batey-haosef-1.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> ZPU-1</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 252px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ZPU-4-batey-haosef-1.jpg" class="image" title="ZPU-4 in Batey ha-Osef museum, Israel."><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/ZPU-4-batey-haosef-1.jpg/250px-ZPU-4-batey-haosef-1.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="250" border="0" height="222" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ZPU-4-batey-haosef-1.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> ZPU-4 in Batey ha-Osef museum, Israel.</div> </div> </div> <table class="wikitable" width="500"> <tbody><tr> <th>Model</th> <th>ZPU-1</th> <th>ZPU-2 (early)</th> <th>ZPU-2 (late)</th> <th>ZPU-4</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Barrels</th> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Weight (travelling)</th> <td>413 kg<br />(910 lb)</td> <td>994 kg<br />(2,191 lb)</td> <td>649 kg<br />(1,430 lb)</td> <td>1,810 kg<br />(3,990 lb)</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Weight (firing)</th> <td>413 kg<br />(910 lb)</td> <td>639 kg<br />(1,408 lb)</td> <td>621 kg<br />(1,369 lb)</td> <td>1,810 kg<br />(3,990 lb)</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Length (travel)</th> <td>3.44 m<br />(11.28 ft)</td> <td>3.54 m<br />(11.61 ft)</td> <td>3.87 m<br />(12.69 ft)</td> <td>4.53 m<br />(14.86 ft)</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Width (travel)</th> <td>1.62 m<br />(5.31 ft)</td> <td>1.92 m<br />(6.29 ft)</td> <td>1.37 m<br />(4.49 ft)</td> <td>1.72 m<br />(5.64 ft)</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Height (travel)</th> <td>1.34 m<br />(4.39 ft)</td> <td>1.83 m<br />(6.00 ft)</td> <td>1.1 m<br />(3.60 ft)</td> <td>2.13 m<br />(7 ft)</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Elevation</th> <td>+88/-8</td> <td>+90/-7</td> <td>+85/-15</td> <td>+90/-10</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Traverse</th> <td colspan="4" align="center">360</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Maximum range</th> <td colspan="4" align="center">8,000 m<br />(8,749 yds)</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Maximum altitude</th> <td colspan="4" align="center">5,000 m<br />(16,404 ft)</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Effective altitude</th> <td colspan="4" align="center">1,400 m<br />(4,593 ft)</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Ammunition (rounds)</th> <td align="center">1200</td> <td colspan="2" align="center">2400</td> <td>4800</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Crew</th> <td>4</td> <td colspan="3" align="center">5</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><a name="Operators" id="Operators"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZPU-4&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Operators">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Operators</span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 402px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ZPU4_operators.png" class="image" title="ZPU-4 Users"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/81/ZPU4_operators.png/400px-ZPU4_operators.png" class="thumbimage" width="400" border="0" height="175" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ZPU4_operators.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> ZPU-4 Users</div> </div> </div> <ul> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde_Islands" title="Cape Verde Islands" class="mw-redirect">Cape Verde Islands</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Congo</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Malta" title="Armed Forces of Malta">Armed Forces of Malta</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sao_Tome_and_Principe" title="Sao Tome and Principe" class="mw-redirect">Sao Tome and Principe</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaire" title="Zaire">Zaire</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li> </ul> <p><a name="References" id="References"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZPU-4&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">References</span></h2> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/ZPU-4" title="commons:Special:Search/ZPU-4"><img alt="Sister project" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="40" border="0" height="54" /></a></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to: <i><b><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ZPU_series" class="extiw" title="commons:ZPU series">ZPU series</a></b></i></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <ul> <li><i>Jane's Land Based Air Defence 2005-2006</i>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0710626975" class="internal">ISBN 0-7106-2697-5</a></li> </ul> <p><a name="External_links" id="External_links"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZPU-4&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">External links</span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="http://scalemodels.ru/modules/photo/viewcat_cid_256.html" class="external text" title="http://scalemodels.ru/modules/photo/viewcat_cid_256.html" rel="nofollow">Walkaround ZPU-2</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.thetankmaster.com/ENGLISH/AFV/ZPU2.asp" class="external text" title="http://www.thetankmaster.com/ENGLISH/AFV/ZPU2.asp" rel="nofollow">ZPU-2 - TWIN MOUNT 14.5 mm ANTI-AIRCRAFT GUNS (Twin mount anti-aircraft 14.5 mm KPV machine guns) – Walk around photos</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.thetankmaster.com/ENGLISH/AFV/ZPU4.asp" class="external text" title="http://www.thetankmaster.com/ENGLISH/AFV/ZPU4.asp" rel="nofollow">ZPU-4 - QUAD MOUNT 14.5 mm AA Guns (QUAD MOUNT KPV MACHINE GUNS) – Walk around photos</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.sinodefence.com/army/crewserved/type58aamg.asp" class="external text" title="http://www.sinodefence.com/army/crewserved/type58aamg.asp" rel="nofollow">Type 58 Twin-14.5mm Anti-Aircraft Machine Gun</a></li> </ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Preprocessor node count: 556/1000000 Post-expand include size: 5088/2048000 bytes Template argument size: 1549/2048000 bytes Expensive parser function count: 0/500 --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:2976257-0!1!0!default!!en!2 and timestamp 20090405072009 --> <div class="printfooter"> Retrieved from "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZPU-4">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZPU-4</a>"</div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <span dir="ltr"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Weapons_of_Russia" title="Category:Weapons of Russia">Weapons of Russia</a></span> | <span dir="ltr"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Weapons_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Category:Weapons of the People's Republic of China">Weapons of the People's Republic of China</a></span> | <span dir="ltr"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Anti-aircraft_guns_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Anti-aircraft guns of the Soviet Union">Anti-aircraft guns of the Soviet Union</a></span> | <span dir="ltr"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Korean_War_weapons" title="Category:Korean War weapons">Korean War weapons</a></span> | <span dir="ltr"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Vietnam_War_weapons" title="Category:Vietnam War weapons">Vietnam War weapons</a></span></div></div></div>Harshahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12735082294166639759noreply@blogger.com0